Guide to Past Simple and Past Continuous Verb Tenses

Manual for Past Simple and Past Continuous Verb Tenses There are two head past tenses used to offer general expressions about the past: The past basic and the past nonstop. The two tenses are very unique. Utilize the past easy to discuss an occasion which occurred sooner or later in time previously. Tom traveled to Chicago last week.Peter visited his companions in Florida two months back. In the event that you are an instructor, utilize this guide on the most proficient method to show the past straightforward tense for more assistance. The past nonstop is generally used to allude to occasions occurring while something significant occurred before. They were getting their work done when she arrived.Jack was examining while Dave was preparing supper. The past nonstop is likewise used to communicate what was going on at an exact second before. I was going to a talk at 2.30 yesterday afternoon.Alice was perusing a book at six the previous night. On the off chance that you are an educator, utilize this guide on the most proficient method to show the past consistent tense for more assistance. Past Simple Structure Positive Subject Verb ed OR Irregular Past Form Objects I, You, He, She, We, They played golf yesterday afternoon.I, You, He, She, We, They went lunch around early afternoon. Negative Subject didn't (didnt) Verb Objects I, You, He, She, We, They didnt take some time off the previous summer. Subject didn't (doesnt) Verb Objects Questions (Why, What, and so on.) did Subject Verb Objects? Did I, you, we, they go to the gathering a week ago? Past Continuous Structure Positive Subject conjugate the helping action word be action word - ing. I was, You were, He was, She was, We were, You were, They were sitting in front of the TV when I showed up. Negative Subject conjugate the helping action word be not action word - ing. I wasnt, You werent, He wasnt, She wasnt, We werent, You werent, They werent working when he came into the room. Questions Question word conjugate the helping action word be subject action word - ing What were you, they doing at seven oclock?What would i say i was, he, she doing at seven oclock? More Guides for Past Simple These aides were arranged particularly for novices and incorporate exchanges and a short test. Past basic with the action word to be for beginnersPast straightforward with customary and sporadic action words for apprentices Show a Thing or two About the Past Simple and Past Continuous Here are exercises on the site which center around the past basic or past persistent and their utilization with other tenses.Then - Now - coordination exercise for upper-level students.Time Expressions - past basic and present flawless looked at and contrasted.Integrating Past Continuous - incorporating past ceaseless into writing.Guilty! - correspondence exercise utilizing an assortment of past tenses. Exercises With the Past Simple and Past Continuous A few exercises that will enable you to rehearse: What's going on with You? - Use of the past constant in mix with the past simple.A Holiday in Italy - Describing a past holiday.Time Expressions and Tenses.

Launching Strategy Essay Example for Free

Propelling Strategy Essay Reason: Alpen Bank is confronting potential development openings regarding propelling a charge card to the Romanian market. The general objective is to build yearly benefit by â‚ ¬5 million inside two years of dispatch. Choice of the correct objective crowd, while applying the fitting propelling technique is the heading of our core interest. We will likely broaden the Alpen Bank premium help to clients by means of another item showcase. Forecasts of monetary development in Romania, demonstrates that the market is becoming progressively ready for charge cards. In this manner, the issue isn't whether Alpine Bank should dispatch a Visa in Romania. The worry of Alpine Bank ought to be when to dispatch said benefits in Romania. Flow models, measurements, and research are decisive; an opportunity to put resources into Romania is currently. Position Statement: The proposal standing and bolstered by encased fiscal summaries are as per the following: Launching a Visa in the Romanian market would meet the expressed reason by focusing on the well-to-do and most well-off crowd (Exhibit 1). The advertising approach will comprise of direct deals related to branch strategically pitching (Exhibit 2). Likewise the utilization of magazine and TV promoting systems will upgrade our position. This methodology will include support for the proposal of exploiting an essentially non-entered advertise. Reason: The chance to put resources into the Romanian charge card showcase yields potential income development, alongside expanding the existence time estimation of every client, new and existing. With Romania entering the European Union, Alpen Bank has been incited to return to its past charge card approach in the developing economy. Furthermore, there has been an expansion in extravagance items and buys, showing expanded purchaser buying power, a potential marker of an expanded enthusiasm for Visa. Moreover, Romania is in a change period, with cards picking up positivity over money installments. Alpen Bank would like to expand upon earlier strategies investigated in Romania by contending banks in entering the Mastercard showcase. Choice Options (Exhibit 6): 1.Launch a charge card in Romania. 2.Do not dispatch a charge card in Romania. Choice Option 1 a.Add another market: Alpen Bank can proceed with its effective endeavor in Romania by adding a Visa to its portfolio. This will cultivate a proceeding with development in an undeniably well-to-do Romanian high society. As buying influence is dictated by pay level and collected riches, the well-off class is more capable than the white collar class to make buys using a credit card. b.Increase income: Current models and expectations show a solid chance to essentially build the yearly income by putting resources into the Mastercard showcase. Estimations show how the endeavor will expand the existence time estimation of every client, guaranteeing future development. (Display 1) Choice Option 2 a.Focus on existing markets: Venturing into the Visa market could draw assets from center Alpen Banking administrations as of now as a result for the Romanian market. b.Assure no potential hazard: All speculations accompany innate dangers. By putting generously into an exploratory market, Alpen Bank is risking not meeting the normal result. The potential money related hazard could run into the a huge number of dollars, alongside a limitless hazard to notoriety. The most effective method to gauge Decision Option 1 a.Establish a client base with the wealthy and generally rich: By expanding upon the right now extracting customer base, alongside drawing in undiscovered fragments of the prosperous Romanian high society. By looking at the real number of customers using the Alpen Bank Visa with the models and expectations made pre-Visa dispatch. (Display 4) b.Increasing income from the Visa dispatch: Expected income from the Visa undertaking is anticipated to be â‚ ¬6,698,391 inside two years (Exhibit 2). By refreshing current figuring models with on-going data as the venture continues takes into consideration continuous observing of anticipated rate of profitability. The lifetime estimation of clients will likewise be evaluated on a yearly premise, anticipating the estimation of steadfast, long haul clients of Mastercards. Instructions to quantify Decision Option 2 a.Projecting further development without charge card. Wandering into the Romanian Mastercard showcase taps assets from current financial business. Ventures could likewise be put to use in different regions, for example, higher recurrence of branches opening or improving administrations at present advertised. b.Customer familiarity with the bank’s premium brand: By putting resources into as of now offered business administrations. Elevated Bank is focused on improving our boss line of administration as of now offered to the Romanian customer base. Investigate of Decision Options 1 Per confinements of senior administration, the speculation into the Romanian Mastercard advertise must substantiate itself gainful inside two years, yielding at any rate 5,000,000 euro. Putting resources into building up a gainful credit extension cards accompanies a few hazard factors. Forecasts of benefit could be wrong, prompting a not exactly anticipated profit for speculations. This thus could prompt revocable and unalterable harm to notoriety, possibly bringing about a total deficit of client over short and long haul. Projections of the beneficial outcomes of Romania’s’ ongoing acknowledgment into the European Union could likewise be off base. By putting time and vitality into another undertaking, current financial administrations could experience the ill effects of subliminal disregard by representatives associated with the two endeavors. Evaluate of Decision Option 2 A choice not to put resources into the Romanian charge card market will be a frustrate of development. As of now, contending banks are putting and have put resources into the developing charge card showcase. By postponing an endeavor, Alpen Bank is allowing contenders to pick up foundation and credit advertise marking. Alpen Bank at present holds the potential vital for an effective endeavor into the charge card showcase. By neglecting to utilize said assets, Alpine Bank is disregarding ability and opportunity, which could prompt disappointment in anticipated benefit. Being acknowledged into European Union welcomes expanding prospect of better yield on interests in the Visa advertise. By deciding to avoid the market, Alpine Bank is additionally driving extracting clients to different banks for Visa administrations. As experienced in other developing markets in creating nations, Visa clients are less inclined to change starting with one charge card then onto the next. In this manner, neglecting to present a credit extension cards currently will make it progressively hard to draw in clients when Alpen Bank in the long run begins its charge card adventure. Activity plan: Objectives: †¢Launch a charge card †¢Reach the wealthy and generally well-off †¢Launch advertising and adverting that interests to our crowd Action Steps: Present moment †¢Marketing Plan: Release a Premium Marketing Plan that is engaged, reachable, convincing, and straightforward. As obvious by display 1, the picked target bunch is the well-to-do and most rich portions of the Romanian populace. By guaranteeing a legitimate comprehension of the dynamic portraying the focused on segment, we can build the proper showcasing plan. This will impart the projects, strategies, motivating forces, and financial plans vital for a solid picture and a steady message arriving at the focused on clients. †¢Marketing: Investing in direct deals and branch strategically pitching holds the most noteworthy powerful pace of potential clients came to. These two strategies likewise have the most reduced expense per client. Consolidated they guarantee the best strategy in selecting clients to Alpen Bank’s charge card. (Show 2) †¢Advertising: Magazine and TV notices. Our promoting objective is to catch the consideration of point of view candidates just as changing over possibilities associated with other Mastercard settings. Setting up a reasonable message for the crowd is fundamental in propelling promoting Alpen Bank’s publicizing effort. â€Å"A premium customer base merits an exceptional banking experience.† The dispatch of the crusade considers the refined, vernacular culture of our Romanian demographic. The objective is to guarantee a similar quality involvement with our set up bank while including an inventive charge card item to assign more choices for our customer base. - Magazine commercials could include appreciated Romanian model Diana Dondoe, to feature Alpen Bank’s picture of being an upscale and select supplier of banking administrations. - Television notices could comprise of 30 second runs of a Romanian couple being gotten by their driver and dropped off at the chief dispatch of the Visa. These are a few options so as to represent how the item could be promoted. †¢Launch of limited time occasions by the Alpen Bank’s advertising office. Night occasions could be held at exquisite neighborhood scenes for beneficent raising support purposes. Long haul †¢Continuing development in the Romanian market, with uncommon spotlight on the charge card showcase. †¢Attracting clients to Alpen Bank by concentrating on its top notch picture and unrivaled administrations. †¢Expansion in the Mastercard showcase, to have set up a client base of 200,000 clients five years following beginning dispatch. †¢As the Romanian economy is developing, the level of populace with an extra cash is expanding. Alpen Bank will concentrate on pulling in new individuals from the princely fragment of the populace. †¢Increase the lifetime estimation of every client, by further development of the money related administrations advertised. †¢Increase charge card use by educating customer base regarding benefits related with Mastercard buys, alongside impermanent potential motivators offered so as to change purchaser propensities. Hazard and Countermeasures †¢

Commercial Bank Law

Question: Talk about theCommercial Bank Law. Answer: In agreement to the realities for the gave case Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio [1983] HCA 14; (1983) CLR 447 (12 May 1983) it very well may be seen that there were principally three reasons for activity for example legitimate issues that was underscored upon by Mr. what's more, Mrs. Amadio during the time spent testing the home loan ensure marked by them in the High Court of Australia. The three significant cases or reasons for activities during the procedure of the case were: unconscionable deal, the procedure of exchange included undue impact and the nearness of concealment of realities or deception. Following the assessment of the realities the end drawn by offer court had tremendous effect on the preliminary appointed authorities choice, which was switched. The intrigue was maintained in the court. The intrigue court requested to put aside the home loan (Australiancontractlaw, 2013). It was additionally held by the court that it was the commitment of the bank to uncover the companys accounts genuine position. It was additionally expressed by the court that with respect to Vincenzos deceptions the bank was at risk. The intrigue court held that the idea of exchange was that of an unconscionable one which required value so as to give alleviation. As indicated by the judgment given by Justice Gibbs, in an agreement of assurance where one gathering is obliged to uncover whole realities to the next gathering, in such a case it isn't of most extreme great confidence. It is mentionable here that the judgment further expressed that with respect to the bank that takes an assurance is will undoubtedly uncover the realities that has happened between the central indebted person and the bank , to the planning guarantee that was not expected to have happened normally. Henceforth the necessity for the noteworthy goes to the degree in situations where some unordinary includes in the in the particular case related with the particular record that should be ensured is required. Based on this angle, in the judgment it was reasoned that disappointment with respect to the bank brought about deception. With regards to the gave realities of the case, it very well may be seen that major money related troubles were being looked by Vincenzos organization was a significant element of the brought about convincing Justice Gibbs in reaching the resolution that revelation ought to have been made by the bank (austlii, 2015). Another reality of the case, for example the course of action between Vincenzo Amadio and the bank for companys sake on 24th March which likewise added to convincing Justice Gibbs that exposure ought to have been made by the bank. The event of distortion and non-risk or no authoritative of the respondents are the legitimate issues distinguished by Justice Gibbs that to a great extent affected the choice or decision of this case (Misrepresentation act, 2001). The proportion for the choice was on favor of Mr. what's more, Mrs. Amadio. Sensibly the case was not settled on lawful grounds yet the methodology saw from the situation shows that they were honest and they required equity sensibly. Agreement of assurance was settled on after the choice taken by Justice Gibbs. Uncovering necessity is referenced in degree (Vout, 2006). Vincenzo is an essential indebted person and his folks are underwriter, so deception is found from the piece of the bank and judgment remains against the bank and Vicenzo, as Mr. Mrs. Amadio came in money related misfortune in view of the issue brought up in the situation and as enforceability of assurance was charged by them, so the court took ruling against Vicenzo. Disparity of haggling power was chosen by Justice Mason, where law of value can be expressed where equity may not be same for all the laws and force. Uncalled for terms in the legitimate guideline should be acknowledged by Mr. what's more, Mrs. Amadio, as they are the solid party and intercession of agreement with reestablish value occurred on favor of the blameless party according to courts judgment (Australiancontractlaw.com, 2016). Right off the bat the deal was customary and proof was not found; also distortion was finished by Vicenzo not the bank; thirdly on the ground of value Mr. also, Mrs. Amadio felt alleviation on account of the correct equity. For accomplishing decency both Undue impact and Unconscionable lead is portrayed. It is said that more fragile gathering is impacted to enter to an understanding in Undue impact and that bring about compulsion which is aftereffect of assumption. Positive trust in a connection is should have been appeared in undue impact. Though, in Unconscionable managing abuse of intensity with direct of the gathering resume but since of carelessness the court pronounce the case unconscionable lead. Exchange happens under unconscionable direct (Assets for Care, 2012). Equity Deane took extensive choice by expressing the realities with end that the bank was blameworthy of unconscionable lead and it was requested that acquisition of home loan ought to be ensured by the respondents which they had not given still the argument is against the bank and Vicenzo is similarly engaged with this case with no cure (Assets for Care, 2012). For this situation similitude is discovered that the proportion is consistently for Mr. furthermore, Mrs. Amadio and it was discovered that all the adjudicators took same choice on favor of them two. The cases demonstrate that, it was unconscionable direct which is acquired by undue impact and deception is reality of camouflage for this situation. In the preliminary equity Amados entitled help. The obligation of the bank was constrained. It was 50,000 which should have been recouped in a half year and contract and the assurance was discovered indistinct. The procedure sum for general test was $239,830.85. The courts bid was excused and it was an unadulterated distortion case with non exposure connection which was portrayed by the court on premise of preliminary judgment on the kindness move Mr. also, Mrs. Amadio. References Resources for Care. (2012). Undue impact unconscionable managing. [online] Available at: https://assetsforcare.seniorsrights.org.au/relationship-separates/value/undue-impact unconscionable-managing/[Accessed 18 Sep. 2016]. austlii.edu.au. (2015).High Court of Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-container/sinodisp/au/cases/cth/HCA/1983/14.html?stem=0synonyms=0query=title%20(%20%22amadio%22%20) [Accessed 17 Sep. 2016]. Australiancontractlaw.com. (2013).Australian Contract Law | Julie Clarke. [online] Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/amadio.html [Accessed 17 Sep. 2016]. Australiancontractlaw.com. (2016). Australian Contract Law | Julie Clarke. [online] Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/amadio.html [Accessed 18 Sep. 2016]. Deception act, 2001. (1976). Woolman. Vout, P. (2006).Unconscionable direct. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Lawbook Co.

A Feminist Literary Analysis of Ethan Frome Zeenas Problematic Portrayal - Literature Essay Samples

Feminism is a movement about value and respect. It is a movement that is still evolving in our modern age to be ever more inclusive and aware of the experiences of all women. According to Robert Dale Parker’s book, Interpreting Literature: Critical Theory for Literary and Cultural Studies, Feminism â€Å"is a simple concept and it involves taking women seriously and respectfully† (149). Although Parker sees it as a â€Å"simple concept† in the past, the idea that women even needed to be taken into consideration in society didn’t enter into a larger discourse. â€Å"The word feminism, as a term for supporting women’s rights did not enter the English Language until the 1890s† (Parker 148). Meaning the idea of women having rights was not articulated in the English language until almost the nineteen-hundreds. Given such constraints women could become ill and the common diagnosis was hysteria. Whether hysteria was an illness of the mind or of the body is beside the point. Meaning it doesn’t matter if women were actually afflicted with a disease or not, but what does matter, is that this illness did result in women’s roles in the family being altered, and in certain ways gave them more agency than society usually offered them. The book Ethan Fromeby Edith Wharton demonstrates this idea expressed in Carroll Smith-Rosenberg’s essay â€Å"The Hysterical Woman: Sex Roles and Role Conflict in 19th-Century America,† that illness gave women of that period a way to escape from the pressures of their lives through her character Zeena. Although illness might appear on the surface to give Zeena some autonomy in a period where women had little control of their lives, it is still a sexist portrayal since Zeena is framed as selfish and suffocating due to her illness. Although she is framed in some ways as selfish, her lonely mediocre life is a clear cause for her hysterical symptoms. Ethan Frome confirms sexist ideas shared by many, including their very doctors, of the period about women who had hysteria. Although Zeena does appear to have some autonomy in her life, ultimately her autonomy is the result of an illness that stems from the patriarchal society in which she lives which proves to be no autonomy at all. In the nineteenth century, women had very little autonomy in their lives, which may have led them to extremes to find some outlet to compensating for the rigidity they experienced in their roles in everyday life whether consciously or unconsciously. In her paper â€Å"The Hysterical Woman: Sex Roles and Role Conflict in 19th-Century America† Carroll Smith-Rosenberg explained that hysteria â€Å"was a protean ailment characterized by such varied symptoms as paraplegia, aphonia, hemi-anesthesia, and violent epileptoid seizures† (652). This is all to say hysteria had many symptoms that seemed unrelated as well as random. In Ethan Frome, Zeena’s illness is never actually diagnosed, and seems to stem from her own misery, reflecting the pattern of many women in the 19thcentury. Was it misery in all cases that was the root cause of hysteria? What was the reason for such a disease to afflict so many? One major reason, according to Smith-Rosenberg could be the limited roles women were allowed to play in society. She explains that the â€Å"ideal female in nineteenth-century America was expected to be gentle and refined, sensitive and loving. She was the guardian of religion and spokeswoman for morality† (655). Women were locked into these roles without their permission. They had the pressures acting a certain way in order be considered proper in society. This was an enormous emotional load.On top of that, women were expected to marry, take care of a household, have children, take care of their children, as well as the needs of their husbands. Outside of these roles, women were not given an outlet to express themselves and had little power to change these circumstances, which, according to Smith-Rosenberg, may have been why an illness like hysteria manifested itself: â€Å"hysteria can be seen as an alternate role option for particular women incapable of accepting their life situation†¦ Hysteria thus serves as a valuable indicator both of domestic stress and of the tactics through which some individuals sought to resolve that stress† (655). Hysteria was a way for women to change their circumstances, to attain things they would not have been able to otherwise. This very â€Å"stress† is exhibited by Zeena in Wharton’s book Ethan Frome. When Zeena comes home from her most recent doctors visit the audience discovers that she feels that she became ill while nursing Ethan’s sick mother before they were married. Zeena rages at Ethan for his questing the financial situation that her illness has put the two in: â€Å"For I’d have been ashamed to tell him[the doctor] that you grudged me the money to get back my heath when I lost it nursing your own mother!† (111). Zeenaâ€⠄¢s hysteria may have resulted from the stresses of taking care of Ethan’s sick mother, a time when she would have had to put aside all of her own needs to devote them to not only the mother, but most likely the son as well. This may be why her illness manifested itself. Doctors during the time seemed to notice this pattern of stress and labeled hysteria a woman’s disease which makes sense since it was the women who lacked independence, it was Zeena who was put into the position to do nothing but serve Ethan and his mother. â€Å"Physicians reported a high incidence of nervous disease and hysteria among women who felt overwhelmed by the burdens of frequent pregnancies, the demands of children, the daily exertions of housekeeping and family management† (Smith-Rosenberg 657). Since they were so boxed into their roles in life, unconsciously these women may have seen hysteria as the only way to, in simple terms, get their way. But, instead of looking at hysteria as a disease that afflicted individuals because of their lack of autonomy, and trying to help women change their circumstances, women with hysteria were framed as something other, lacking all of the admirable qualities of a wife and mother. Zeena in Wharton’s book, confirms these thoughts about women with a chronic illnesses like hysteria. Wharton’s character Zeena has an unknown illness that although is not named could be interpreted as hysteria or something like hysteria, which may have given her some power in her life during a period when most women had little. â€Å"Hysteria thus became one way in which conventional women could express—in most cases unconsciously—dissatisfaction with one or several aspects of their lives† (Smith-Rosenberg 672). Therefore, hysteria gave women a way to have autonomy. It gave them away to make decisions in their lives outside of the standard social norms of which they were expected to uphold. Wharton’s charact er Zeena in Ethan Fromeseems to demonstrate this very idea. In chapter seven Zeena comes home from seeing a doctor in another town. This doctor told her that she had â€Å"complications† (108) which Ethan, her husband, tells us is a grave diagnosis that most people don’t survive. However, Zeena says that she might overcome her illness if she â€Å"should have a hired girl. He says I oughtnt to have to do a single thing around the house† (110). For Zeena to overcome her illness, she must put aside her usual duties and have some help around the house. Zeena, after so many years of taking care of both Ethan and his mother on her own might have succumbed to the stress, which would allow her to change her circumstances. This proposal by Zeena to have a girl conforms what Smith-Rosenberg’s conclusion that hysteria meant a dramatic shift in the family dynamic. It meant that a woman could not behave as they normally would have in the period, as a mother, caretake r, wife. It meant that others in a family would have to step in to take over these roles. â€Å"Household activities were reoriented to answer the hysterical woman’s importunate needs. Children were hushed, rooms darkened entertaining suspended, a devoted nurse recruited† (Smith-Rosenberg 672). Zeena’s need for a girl (devoted nurse) is in line with what most women in the period expected to receive after the diagnosis. However, these requirements are not merely seen as the cure for the ailment but put the woman in the position to be seen as selfish and a target for ridicule. Instead of trying to be compassionate towards an illness that seemed to be about gaining the smallest amount of control in their lives, women of the time could be treated as a burden as Zeena is treated in Ethan Frome. Zeena is portrayed as a villain by Ethan for needing a girl to help her around the house because of the constraints such a requirement would put on their already precarious fi nancial situation. â€Å"Wrath and dismay contended in Ethan. He had foreseen an immediate demand for money, but not a permanent drain on his scant resources. He no longer believed what Zeena had told him of the supposed seriousness of her state† (Wharton 110). Ethan sees Zeena as a drain on his income and doesn’t believe that she is ill. Wharton, instead of writing a character sympathetic to his sick wife’s state, instead of perhaps finding a reason for why she is so ill, Wharton uses Ethan to characterize Zeena as selfish, unconcerned with her husband’s worries. This is in line with what Smith-Rosenberg writes about people’s attitudes towards the illness during the period: â€Å"conscious anger and hostility marked the response of a good many doctors to their hysterical patients. One†¦ neurologist called the female hysteric a willful, self-indulgent and narcissistic person who cynically manipulated her symptoms† (670). Even by their d octors, women who were suffering, whether from actual illness or their difficult circumstances, were treated as something contemptuous. Wharton writing Zeena this way, perpetuates this feeling as well as creates a justification for feeling these women were disgraceful. Wharton writes Zenna in diametric opposition to Ethan. Zeena is framed as self-serving, and this selfishness destroys any happiness Ethan is seeking. Whereas Ethan is framed as only trying to do all he can for his household, â€Å"theres a whole lot more I can do for you, and Mattie—† (Wharton 114) says Ethan trying to show his devotion to his wife as well as their maid. Even in while he is trying to be happy he still looks to satisfy his wife, who appears to never be satisfiable. While at the same time he shows his devotion to his potential mistress. However, because of the way Zeena is portrayed readers are encouraged to feel sorry for Ethan and even root for his infidelity. Wharton enforces a negative stereotype about women who suffered from hysteria instead of blatantly justifying Zeena’s actions.Wharton enforces the stereotype that women who suffered from hysteria were selfish, uncaring about whether or not their needs would hurt their families or not. Further, while Ethan is characterized as just trying to do the best he can for a his wife, she writes Zeena as a dark figure in the room with him: â€Å"Zeenas face stood grimly out against the uncurtained pane, which had turned from grey to black† (Wharton 111-112). Zeena, because of her illness, is the darkness in Ethan’s life that envelopes his happiness. Wharton takes an even more negative step because the audience is only allowed to see Zeena through Ethan’s male lens.The audience is not allowed to peer into Zeena’s inner thoughts, so they are never really sure what her motives are for how she is behaving. Ethan is the only person given perspective in the book which means it is easier to s ympathize with him. So, when he continues to express his dismay over the new demands Zeena brings home to him related to her illness, the audience continues to see her as a villain. Zeena’s portrayal as a villain is only compounded when Zeena suggests that Ethan throw out their ward and servant, Mattie, who Ethan has fallen in love with so that Ethan could better afford another hired hand. â€Å"She had taken everything else from him; and now she meant to take the one thing that made up for all the others† (Wharton 118). Wharton writes Zeena not as a woman who is being wronged by her husband, who plans to have an extramarital relationship with her relative, Mattie, but as an advisory whose illness is the cause for her poor husband’s misery. Edith Wharton, instead of taking the opportunity to write a character that breaks stereotypes about women with illness in the nineteenth century, wrote a character who conforms to the sexist and limited views people have of them. Although the disease did give Zeena the chance to have some control over her life by requiring help or housework, the fact that the audience can only read her through Ethan, and his negative lens, Zeena is never thought of as anything other than a failed, and suffocating woman, who takes away Ethan’s joy. Zeena is never given a chance to have a voice in this story, mirroring the plight of many women in the period. Bibliography Parker, Robert Dale. How to interpret literature: Critical theory for literary and cultural studies. Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 2008. Pp.149-155 Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll. â€Å"The Hysterical Woman: Sex Roles and Role Conflict in 19th-Century America.† Social Research, vol. 29, no. 4, 1972. Pp. 652-678Wharton, Edith. Ethan Frome. New York Charles Scribners Sons, 1922. Pp. 107-127